DETERMINATION OF pH

نویسنده

  • V. V. KUZNETSOV
چکیده

Показатель концентрации ионов водорода рН есть мера активности этих ионов в растворах. Зависимость громадного количества химических, биохимических, природных, технологических и многих других процессов от величины рН стимулирует развитие теории и техники измерения этого показателя. Рассмотрено современное состояние способов измерения рН. Трудно отыскать такую область науки, технологии и химии растворов, в которой не использовалась бы величина рН. Шкала рН была предложена датским химиком Зеренсеном. Изучая биохимические реакции, в частности гидролиз пепсина и усвоение протеинов в кислотно-солевых смесях, Зеренсен в 1909 году обнаружил их чрезвычайно сильную зависимость от изменения концентрации ионов водорода. Он нашел, что эффективная концентрация ионов водорода, непосредственно воздействующих на процесс, изменялась в широком диапазоне концентраций и часто оказывалась непривычно малой величиной. Для удобства Зеренсен предложил записывать ее в экспоненциальной форме = 10 − р = 1/10 р . Позднее символ − р был заменен обозначением рН. На современном языке р понимают как оператор р = − lg, таким образом, pH = − lg[H + ]. Именно так трактуется это обозначение в Номенклатурных правилах Международного союза по теоретической и прикладной химии (International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry), ИЮПАК [1].

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تاریخ انتشار 2001